For centuries, the vast blue expanse covering nearly half of the Earth’s surface existed in a legal void. Beyond the 200-nautical-mile limit of national coastal zones lay the high seas—a global commons where human activity was governed by a patchwork of outdated maritime conventions and sheer distance. That era officially came to a close this month as the landmark United Nations Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty, widely known as the High Seas Treaty, officially entered into force.
The implementation follows a decades-
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